Solid wastes include industrial wastes, construction wastes, agriculture wastes, house garbage, sludge, excrements, and medical wastes and so on. According to the statistics, China produces various solid wastes over 6 billion tons annually at present. In 2008, the disposal volumes of Chinese municipal solid wastes reached to 200 million tons. The production volumes of crop stalks were about 700 million tons, 3.5 billion tons of dung, 1.9 billion tons of industrial wastes. The comprehensive utility rate is very low in China. Millions of tons of solid wastes are not disposed properly in every year. 90% of Chinese industrial solid wastes are from the following industries: mining, electric power, producers and the suppliers of steam hot water, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, chemical industry, smelting and pressing of nonferrous metals, manufacturers of food, drinks, and tobaccos, manufactures of building materials and other non-metallic minerals and manufactures of mechanical, electrical, electronic equipment. Once the solid wastes enter the atmosphere, underground water or surface water, these will be polluted, directly affecting the results of air pollution control and water pollution control.
There is no doubt that garbage power has been the major manner for Chinese solid waste disposal. Although more than 60% Chinese municipal solid wastes are from food wastes, high water content, low heat and large-scaled investments, garbage power, with preferential electricity price, tax subsidies (free of income tax) and high decrease capacity (70%-90%), receives the most popularity.
As far as the international experiences are concerned, compost technology is the fittest to the disposal of food wastes disposal. However, Chinese house solid wastes are not strictly classified. There exist odors from compost, low quality compost products, shortage of sale market, low economy problems in the compost technology. In recent years, the market scale of Chinese compost disposal cut down.
At present, the incineration power plants in operation are about 60, with the disposal capacity of over 500 t/d, the disposal volumes of 20 thousand tons a day. The projects in process or plan are about 200. The solid waste disposal volumes can reach to more than 100 thousand tons a day after the completion of the projects. Presently, the scales of Chinese incineration power equipment market are over 1 billion USD annually.
The disposal manners of Chinese industrial solid wastes can be divided into three: comprehensive utility (extracted from the industrial solid wastes or transferred into resources, energy and raw materials) storage (temporary storage of the industrial solid wastes in the special infrastructure or place) and disposal (disposed by the manners of landfill or incineration and non-recycled). The comprehensive utility rate of Chinese industrial solid wastes is only about 60%, but the storage volumes are more than 200 million tons, high pressure in the industrial solid waste storage.
Germany and Japan, the earliest countries to explore the sources of solid wastes, are also the origin country of recycling solid waste economy.
Nowadays, massive major industrial raw materials are from the solid wastes in the world, which were regarded as garbage traditionally. In 2008, over 40% industrial raw materials were from the solid wastes in the world. The total recycling value of the renewable resources is about 300 billion USD in the developed countries, keeping 10% growth rate. It is said that iron and steel are the mother of the industries. As the most important industrial materials, generally, 45% steel raw materials in the world are from the waste steel. Only by developing the recycling economy, will the biggest barrier of resource shortage be gotten rid of in the international sustainable development.
With the influences of international financial crisis, the growth of Chinese economy slows down, which brings side effects to the enterprises specializing in environment infrastructure, such as piped water factories, sewage treatment plants and garbage power plants. On the one hand, the competitions among BOT and TOT programs are much fiercer and reduction in the government subsidies. On the other hand, the government payment capacity turns down as well as the limitation in the bargain abilities of the social assets. Also, the credit loans decline for the project funding is side affected.
According to the statistics, the value of Chinese recyclable but not recycled renewable resources is more than 30 to 40 billion USD in a year. The annual scales of Chinese solid waste disposal market are about 10 billion USD, existing huge development potential.
The author wrote this report by investigating into Chinese solid waste disposal industry.
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